Estonia

Moving to Estonia: The Complete Expat’s Guide (Visas, Costs & More)

Culture and Lifestyle: Estonian culture is strongly influenced by Nordic culture. Estonia is known for its digital advancements and high quality of life.

Political System: Estonia is a parliamentary republic. The country has an open and transparent political system.

Climate: Estonia has a transitional climate between maritime and continental. Summers are short and cool, while winters are long and cold.

Population: The population of Estonia is approximately 1.3 million people. The country has a relatively low population density.

Language: Estonian is the official language. There is also a Russian-speaking minority. English is widely spoken, especially among young people.

Economy: Estonia has an open and liberal market economy. The country is known for its digital economy and innovations in the technology sector.

Largest Cities: Tallinn (the capital), Tartu, Narva, Pärnu.

Moving to Estonia: Your Complete Visa Guide & Document Checklist

Estonia – Visa & Residence Permit Requirements

1. General Requirements (Often for D-Visa and initial Temporary Residence Permit applications)

Original required. Must have been issued within the previous 10 years, contain at least two blank pages, and be valid for at least 3 months beyond the intended duration of stay (for D-visa) or validity of the temporary residence permit.

Fully completed, printed, and signed. Usually filled out online via the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Police and Border Guard Board portals (e.g., „Elektrooniline Taotluskeskkond“ – eTaotluskeskkond).

One color passport-sized photo (35×45 mm), taken recently, showing the applicant looking directly forward with a neutral expression, on a light background.

Documents demonstrating sufficient means of subsistence. For a D-visa, this is generally €176 per day for 2025 (this amount can change, so always verify). For a temporary residence permit, the required income varies by the grounds of application but must be stable and legal (e.g., salary, business income, pension). Specific amounts are defined by law (e.g., for work, it’s typically at least the average Estonian salary; for settling with a family member, the sponsor must prove sufficient income for the whole family). Bank account statements from the last 6 months are common.

Must guarantee payment of medical expenses incurred due to illness or injury during the stay in Estonia (for D-visa, covering the entire Schengen area with a minimum coverage of €30,000). For a temporary residence permit, proof of Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Tervisekassa) coverage or a private insurance policy covering medical expenses in Estonia is required.

E.g., confirmation letter from employer, proof of admission to an educational institution, documents proving family ties. Specific to the type of visa/permit.

Proof of payment of the applicable state fee for the D-visa or residence permit application. Fees vary depending on the type of application and age of the applicant.

May be required, especially for temporary residence permit applications. From your country of citizenship and countries where you have resided for more than six months during the last five years. Must be apostilled (or legalized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the foreign country and then by the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or an Estonian foreign representation) and translated into Estonian, English, or Russian if not originally in one of these languages. Generally, it should not be older than 6 months at the time of application submission.

2. Specific Requirements for Common D-Visas & Temporary Residence Permits (TRP)

(These are in addition to general requirements. D-Visa for up to 12 months. TRP typically granted for up to 5 years, renewable.)

Confirmation from the employer (e.g., employment contract or offer) registered with the Police and Border Guard Board.
Employer must often have permission from the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Töötukassa) to hire a foreigner (unless specific exemptions apply, e.g., for highly skilled workers, ICT sector, start-ups).
Proof of qualifications, if required for the position.
For TRP, salary must generally meet a specific threshold (e.g., at least the average annual Estonian salary, or higher for certain roles like top specialists).

Confirmation of admission or enrolment from a recognized Estonian educational institution.
Proof of sufficient funds to cover studies and living expenses (specific amounts can be confirmed with the educational institution or Police and Border Guard Board).
Information on accommodation in Estonia.

Detailed business plan.
Documents regarding the establishment of the company in Estonia (if applicable).
Proof of investment (amount varies).
For start-ups: Approval from the expert committee of Startup Estonia might be required to qualify for specific start-up related permits/visas.
Proof of financial means to support the business and oneself.

Proof of ability to perform work duties location-independently using telecommunications technology.
Proof of a valid employment contract with a foreign-registered employer, operation through own foreign-registered business, or freelance work for clients mostly outside Estonia.
Proof of income meeting the threshold for the six months preceding the application (currently €4500 gross per month for 2025 – verify current amount).

Documents proving family ties (e.g., marriage certificate, birth certificate), apostilled/legalized and translated.
Copy of the passport and Estonian ID card/residence permit of the family member residing in Estonia (the sponsor).
Proof of the sponsor’s sufficient legal income to support the family in Estonia.
Proof of adequate accommodation in Estonia.

Documents proving Estonian origin (if applicable).
Other specific documents depending on the exact grounds for permanent settlement.

3. Requirements for Long-Term Resident’s EU Residence Permit (Permanent Residency)

(Generally applied for after holding a temporary residence permit in Estonia for 5 years continuously. Allows residence in Estonia and facilitates movement within the EU.)

Proof of continuous legal residence in Estonia on the basis of a temporary residence permit for at least 5 years immediately prior to submission of the application. (Certain absences are allowed).
Valid temporary residence permit.
Proof of permanent legal income sufficient for subsistence in Estonia.
Valid health insurance (Estonian Health Insurance Fund or equivalent).
Fulfilment of the integration requirement: Proof of Estonian language proficiency at B1 level (passing a state-administered exam or recognized equivalent).
No criminal record in Estonia during the period of temporary residency that would preclude granting long-term residency.

Important Notes:

Apostille/Legalization: Public documents issued by foreign authorities (e.g., birth/marriage certificates, police clearance certificates, diplomas) generally need to be apostilled (if the country is a signatory to the Hague Apostille Convention) or legalized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the foreign country and then by the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or an Estonian foreign representation.
Translation: Documents not in Estonian, English, or Russian must usually be translated into one of these languages by a sworn translator or have the translation certified by a notary. Estonian authorities often prefer Estonian translations.
Registration of Residence: Upon arrival in Estonia with a D-visa (if staying longer than 183 days in a 12-month period) or after receiving a temporary residence permit, you must register your place of residence in the Estonian Population Register within one month (for TRP holders) or five working days (for D-visa holders intending to stay long-term).
ID Card (for TRP holders): Holders of a temporary residence permit will be issued an Estonian ID card (Elamisloakaart), which is a mandatory identity document.
Police and Border Guard Board (Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet – PPA): This is the main authority handling visa and residence permit applications within Estonia. Applications from abroad are usually submitted via Estonian Embassies/Consulates.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Välisministeerium): Provides information and handles D-visa applications submitted at Estonian representations abroad.
Specific Income Requirements: Minimum income levels are often tied to official Estonian statistics (e.g., average salary, minimum wage) and can change annually. Always verify the current amounts.

EU or Non-EU Citizen? Your Guide to the Residency Process in Estonia

EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens

Generally not required.
– Principle of freedom of movement for workers.
– You can take up employment under the same conditions as Estonian nationals after registering your residence.

No visa required.
– Entry with a valid ID card or passport.
– No further formalities required for the *stay* itself during the first 3 months.

Mandatory Registration of Residence.
1. When: Within 3 months of arrival.
2. Where: At the local government authority (City or Rural Municipality Government – Linna-/Vallavalitsus) of your place of residence.
3. What: Register your address. This grants you the right of temporary residence.
4. Outcome: You are added to the population register and are then eligible (and generally required) to apply for an Estonian ID card (ID-kaart) from the Police and Border Guard Board (PBGB). This card certifies your right of residence.
5. Required Documents (Examples): Valid ID card/passport, application form, proof of address (e.g., rental contract or owner’s consent).
6. Duration: Right of temporary residence usually granted for 5 years.

– Local Government (Linna- / Vallavalitsus): For residence registration.
– Police and Border Guard Board (PBGB / Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet): For issuing the Estonian ID-card (ID-kaart). https://www.politsei.ee/en
– Work in Estonia: Official guide. https://www.workinestonia.com/

Non-EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens

Required permission/registration. Two main routes:
A) Short-Term Employment (STE):
1. For work up to 365 days within a 455-day period (specific roles might have shorter limits, e.g., seasonal work 270 days/year).
2. Employer must register your short-term employment online via the Police and Border Guard Board (PBGB) self-service portal *before* you start working.
3. This registration is the work permission, but you might still need a D-visa for entry/stay (see point 2).
B) Long-Term Employment (via Residence Permit):
1. Requires a Temporary Residence Permit (TRP) for Employment.
2. Often requires prior permission from the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Töötukassa) confirming the position couldn’t be filled by local/EU workforce and meets salary criteria (unless exempt – e.g., top specialist, startup employee, ICT sector, researcher).
3. The TRP itself serves as the work permit once granted.

Schengen Visa (Type C) or Visa Exemption.
– Standard Schengen rules apply based on your nationality.
– Important: Cannot typically work on a C-visa (tourism/business).
– For Short-Term Employment (STE), even if your nationality is visa-exempt for Schengen short stays, you usually need a D-visa (long-stay) for the work period exceeding 90 days, or if required based on the STE conditions. Apply for D-visa at an Estonian representation abroad *before* entry (or in specific cases at PBGB in Estonia if legally present).

Temporary Residence Permit (TRP) required.
Phase 1: Application (Usually BEFORE entry)
1. Determine Permit Type: Identify the correct TRP basis (e.g., for Employment, Study, Family Migration, Business).
2. Where to Apply: Typically at an Estonian representation (Embassy/Consulate) abroad. In certain cases (e.g., already legally in Estonia on a D-visa or visa-free), application might be possible at a PBGB service office in Estonia.
3. How: Submit application form and required documents.
4. Required Documents (Examples for TRP for Employment): Passport, photo, application form, proof of employment (contract), employer details, proof of accommodation, proof of sufficient legal income, health insurance, document proving qualification (if needed), proof of state fee payment. May require Töötukassa permission or proof of exemption (see point 1). *List varies by permit type!*
5. Outcome: If approved, you are granted a TRP.Phase 2: Arrival and Post-Arrival Formalities
1. Collect Permit Card: Collect your residence permit card (Elamisloakaart) from the representation abroad or PBGB service office as instructed.
2. Register Residence: Within 1 month of receiving the TRP / arriving in Estonia based on the TRP, you *must* register your place of residence at the local government authority (same as for EU citizens).Phase 3: Renewal of Residence Permit
1. When: Apply for extension at least 2 months *before* the current TRP expires.
2. Where: Application submitted to the PBGB, often possible via the self-service portal or at a service office.
3. Requirements: Proof of continued grounds for residence (e.g., ongoing employment, meeting income requirements), valid health insurance, etc.

– Police and Border Guard Board (PBGB / Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet): Main immigration authority for STE registration, TRPs, D-visas, Residence Permit Cards. https://www.politsei.ee/en (Migration section). PBGB Self-Service: https://eteenindus.politsei.ee/
– Estonian Representations Abroad: For Visa and initial TRP applications. List via Ministry of Foreign Affairs: https://vm.ee/en/representations
– Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Töötukassa): For labour market testing / employer permissions. https://www.tootukassa.ee/en
– Local Government (Linna- / Vallavalitsus): For residence registration after obtaining TRP.
– Work in Estonia: Official guide. https://www.workinestonia.com/
– Ministry of the Interior: Oversees migration policy. https://www.siseministeerium.ee/en

The Ultimate Expat Master Checklist: A Guide to Your New Life

All residents with a valid residence permit are typically covered by the Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Eesti Haigekassa). Coverage is usually tied to employment or can be obtained through self-payment if not employed. For short-term stays (e.g., D-visa), private travel insurance meeting specific requirements is necessary. Required documents for Haigekassa enrollment often include: ID card/residence permit, application. Check coverage details, especially for dependents.Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Eesti Haigekassa). Private insurers for supplementary or travel insurance (e.g., ERGO Kindlustus, If P&C Insurance AS, Salva Kindlustus).State (Haigekassa): Often covered through social tax paid by employer. For voluntary contributions (if eligible): Approx. $200-$250/month. Private Travel/Short-term: $30-$100/month depending on coverage and age.

Requirements for account opening: Required documents vary by bank, typically: Passport, Estonian ID-card/residence permit, proof of address (e.g., rental agreement). Some banks may require an Estonian personal identification code (isikukood) beforehand. Opening an account usually requires a personal visit. Non-residents may face more scrutiny. Check for minimum deposit and account maintenance fees. Most banks offer robust online banking services.Local Banks (e.g., Swedbank, SEB Pank, LHV Pank, Luminor Bank).Account opening is often free. Monthly maintenance fees can range from $0-$10 depending on the bank and account type. Fees for specific services (e.g., international transfers) apply.

Registration usually in the name of the tenant/owner. Required documents often include: Rental agreement/proof of ownership, ID card/residence permit. Contracts can be signed online with an ID card and e-signature. Some providers may require a deposit. Review contract terms, connection fees, and termination clauses.Electricity: Eesti Energia (Enefit), Alexela. Water: Local municipal water companies (e.g., Tallinna Vesi in Tallinn). Internet/Mobile: Telia Eesti, Elisa Eesti, Tele2 Eesti.Electricity: Approx. $50-$150/month (depends on consumption and apartment size). Water: Approx. $30-$70/month. Internet: Approx. $30-$60/month for standard packages. Connection fees may apply.

Choice of system (public, private). Public schools are free (education in Estonian). International schools offer education in other languages (e.g., English). Kindergarten (lasteaed) is for ages 1.5-7. Application for municipal kindergarten usually via local government portal. School enrollment also via local government or directly with the school. Required documents: Child’s birth certificate (translated and apostilled/legalized if foreign), health card, parents‘ ID/residence permits. Check application deadlines and availability.Ministry of Education and Research, Local government education departments (e.g., Tallinn Education Department), specific schools/kindergartens (e.g., Tallinn European School, International School of Estonia).Public Schools: Free (some costs for materials, meals). Municipal Kindergarten: Parent fee varies by municipality, approx. $70-$100/month + meals. Private/International Schools: Approx. $5,000-$20,000+/year.

EU/EEA licenses are generally valid. Licenses from countries party to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic are valid for 12 months after obtaining residency, then must be exchanged. Other foreign licenses may require a new driving test. Exchange process: Application, medical check, current driver’s license, passport/ID card, photo. Documents may need to be translated and notarized/apostilled. An International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended for non-EU licenses.Estonian Transport Administration (Transpordiamet).Exchange fees: Approx. $30-$70. Medical check: Approx. $30-$60. Translation/notarization costs can vary. New license issuance fee: Approx. $30.

Global Financial Requirements for Entering and Living in Estonia (First Few Months)

675 – 1000Based on a local diet, primarily self-catering. Shopping at supermarkets like Prisma, Rimi, Selver, or local markets. (~€200-€300/month)

1350 – 2000For a simple to moderate 1-bedroom apartment. Costs are higher in Tallinn city center versus outskirts or other cities like Tartu. (~€400-€600/month). Short-term furnished rentals can sometimes be higher.

450 – 2000Typically 1-3 months‘ rent, due at the beginning of the lease. This is often refundable if the apartment is left in good condition.

150 – 450Very rough estimate for basic travel medical insurance or an emergency budget for minor treatments. Comprehensive international health insurance is considerably more expensive and should be researched separately. EU citizens may have access via EHIC.

100 – 150Based on monthly public transport passes (e.g., around €30/month in cities like Tallinn for non-residents, or intercity travel). Tallinn offers free public transport to registered residents.

1000 – 1500Recommended additional funds for unforeseen expenses, price variations, and activities not included in core costs. This is a separate buffer and not included in the total below.

2275 – 3600These are the estimated core operational costs for three months (Food, Rent, Health Insurance, Local Transportation). This total does not include the Security Deposit (which may be refundable) or the separate Financial Buffer.

Moving to Estonia: The Ultimate Guide to Renting Apartments, Costs & Neighborhoods

$17$485$755$1,100$1,450Kesklinn (esp. Old Town, Rotermanni, Südalinn), Kalamaja, Telliskivi area, Uus MaailmKadriorg, Pirita, Kristiine, Haabersti (esp. Kakumäe), Nõmme, Peetri (suburb)Parts of Lasnamäe (older areas, though improving), Kopli (some streets still rough, gentrifying), areas around Balti Jaam (train station) and Keskturg (Central Market) late at night

$13$400$620$830$1,050Kesklinn (city center, university hub), Karlova, Supilinn, VaksaliTähtvere, Tammelinn, Veeriku, Karlova (quieter parts), Ülenurme (suburb)Annelinn (some peripheral areas, can feel deserted), Pirogov Park (designated public drinking area, can be rowdy), some areas around bus/train station late at night

General Requirements in Estonia (Note: 1 EUR ~ $1.08 USD, prices are indicative)

Valid ID card (ID-kaart for Estonian residents/EU citizens) or Passport; Valid visa or residence permit (for non-EU citizens); Proof of income (e.g., last 3 months‘ bank statements, employment contract); Estonian personal identification code (Isikukood) is essential for contracts; Sometimes a reference from a previous landlord or employer may be requested.

A written lease agreement („Üürileping“) is mandatory. Security deposit („Tagatisraha“) is typically 1-3 months‘ rent. Utilities (water, electricity, heating, internet) are almost always excluded from the rent and paid by the tenant. A detailed handover act („Üleandmise-vastuvõtmise akt“) documenting the property’s condition with photos upon moving in and out is crucial. Tenant’s home insurance („Kodukindlustus“) covering liability is often required by the landlord. Guarantors („Käendaja“) are uncommon for working professionals but might be requested for students or those with no proven income in Estonia. Services like Rendin.co offer deposit-free renting for a monthly fee as an alternative to a traditional deposit, if the landlord agrees. First month’s rent is paid upfront. If a real estate agent („Maakler“) is used, their fee (typically equivalent to one month’s rent) is often paid by the tenant, though this can be negotiable.

Cost of Living Comparison: Estonia vs. Major European Economies

€9€15€18€16€14€12

€3€4€5€5€4€3

€2€3€3.50€3€2.50€2

€1.50€2.80€1.90€2.50€1.50€1.50

€1.50€1.80€1.90€1.70€1.90€1.70

Moving to Estonia with Kids? The Complete Guide to the Estonian School System & Costs

Early Childhood Education (Alusharidus)

Partially subsidized by local government. Parent co-payment for place and meals varies significantly by municipality (e.g., ~ $85 – $200+ per month, so ~$1,020 – $2,400+ per year). Some municipalities offer discounts for multiple children or low-income families.Educational materials and toys are generally provided by the kindergarten. Some may ask for minor contributions for specific craft supplies.Process: Application submitted to the local municipal government (e.g., through their e-service portal or education department) or directly to the desired kindergarten. Places are often allocated based on residence within the municipality and child’s age. Waiting lists are common in some areas, especially for younger children.
Documents: Child’s birth certificate (or ID card if issued), parent’s ID card/passport, proof of residence in the municipality (from Population Register), application form (often online). Health certificate may be required upon admission.

Approximately $3,240 – $8,640+ (can be around €250 – €700+ per month; highly variable based on services, location, and language of instruction). Some private childcare (lapsehoid) can be more flexible but also varies in cost.Usually included in the fees or a separate charge for a materials package. Varies by institution.Process: Direct inquiry and application to the specific private institution. Admission criteria and availability vary.
Documents: School’s application form, child’s birth certificate (or ID card), parent’s ID/passport, health records/certificate. Some may require an interview or deposit.

Basic Education (Põhiharidus – Grades 1-9, compulsory)

$0 (Free – state and municipal schools)Textbooks and workbooks are provided free of charge by the school. Students are expected to take good care of them. Some basic stationery needs to be purchased by parents.Process: Children are typically assigned to a local school based on their registered place of residence by the local government. Parents can apply to other schools, but acceptance depends on available places. Registration usually occurs in spring for the autumn term via the national EHIS system (Eesti Hariduse Infosüsteem) or local government portals.
Documents: Child’s birth certificate (or ID card), parent’s ID card/passport, proof of child’s registered address from the Population Register (Rahvastikuregister), health card/records (Tervisekaart), photo for student ID. If coming from abroad, previous school records (officially translated if not in English/Russian, and potentially requiring equivalency assessment by ENIC/NARIC).

Approximately $2,160 – $10,800+ (highly variable, some specialized schools can be more).Often included in tuition fees, or parents may need to purchase specific materials or pay a separate book fee.Process: Direct application to the school. Often involves an application form, possibly entrance tests (especially for schools with specific focuses like languages or arts), interviews, and payment of fees upon acceptance.
Documents: School’s application form, child’s birth certificate (or ID card), previous school records/reports (if applicable), health card/records, parent/guardian ID/passport.

Upper Secondary Education (Keskharidus – Grades 10-12)

$0 (Free – state and municipal schools)Textbooks are generally provided free of charge by the school. Students might need to buy some supplementary materials or specific stationery.Process: Admission is typically based on results from basic school final examinations (Põhikooli lõpueksamid) and/or entrance tests set by the specific gümnaasium. Applications are often made through a joint admission information system (SAIS – Sisseastumise Infosüsteem) or directly to the school. Schools have their own admission criteria.
Documents: Basic school leaving certificate with final grades, results of basic school final exams, ID card/passport, completed application form (online or paper), sometimes a motivation letter or interview.

Approximately $2,700 – $12,960+May be included in fees or require separate purchase. Varies by school.Process: Direct application to the school. Usually involves submitting an application, basic school leaving certificate and exam results, entrance tests or interviews specific to the school.
Documents: School’s application form, basic school leaving certificate and transcripts, ID card/passport, sometimes recommendation letters or portfolio (for specialized schools).

$0 (Free – for most programs at state/municipal vocational schools for students who meet admission criteria, especially those without prior vocational education). Some specialized courses or adult retraining might have fees.Learning materials and textbooks are often provided by the school, especially digital resources. Work clothes or specific tools for practical training might need to be acquired by the student, sometimes subsidized.Process: Admission usually after basic school or sometimes after general upper secondary. Application often through SAIS or directly to the vocational institution. Admission criteria vary by specialty and may include an interview, tests, or review of previous grades.
Documents: Basic school leaving certificate (or upper secondary if applicable), ID card/passport, health certificate (may be required for certain professions), application form.

Tertiary Education (Kõrgharidus)

For Estonian-taught full-time study programmes, tuition is generally $0 (Free) for Estonian and EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who meet the nominal study load requirements. Fees may apply for part-time studies, exceeding the nominal study period, or for some English-taught programmes (e.g., $1,080 – $8,100+ per year, some medicine/law programmes can be higher). Non-EU/EEA students are typically charged tuition for English-taught programmes.Students usually purchase their own textbooks or use library resources and digital materials. Some universities offer digital access to many academic resources.Process: Centralized admission via SAIS (www.sais.ee) for most institutions. Applicants are ranked based on state exam results (from Gümnaasium), university-specific entrance exams, interviews, motivation letters, or portfolios, depending on the program. Specific requirements vary widely between universities and programmes.
Documents (general for Bachelor’s): Completed application via SAIS, copy of upper secondary school leaving certificate and grade list (translated into Estonian or English, and potentially with Apostille/legalization for foreign documents + ENIC/NARIC equivalency statement), results of state examinations (if applicable), proof of English language proficiency (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS) for English-taught programs, copy of passport/ID card, sometimes a motivation letter or CV. For non-EU citizens: proof of paid application fee (if applicable) and subsequent visa/Temporary Residence Permit for Study application.

Approximately $3,240 – $8,640+ per year (highly variable by institution and program).Students are typically required to purchase their own textbooks and materials, or costs are included in program fees.Process: Direct application to the specific private institution. Admission criteria are set by the institution and usually include evaluation of secondary school qualifications and language proficiency.
Documents: Institution’s application form, certified copy of upper secondary school leaving certificate (translated and with Apostille/legalization + ENIC/NARIC statement if foreign), transcripts, proof of language proficiency (if applicable), copy of ID/passport, motivation letter, CV, possible interview.

Often $0 (Free) at state/municipal institutions if it’s the student’s first vocational qualification at that level. Private institutions or specialized courses may have fees.Similar to vocational upper secondary; materials often provided or subsidized, especially digital ones. Tools might be an additional cost.Process: Application usually through SAIS or directly to the institution. Requires completion of upper secondary education (general or vocational). Admission based on previous study results, tests, or interviews.
Documents: Upper secondary school leaving certificate (or vocational upper secondary diploma), ID card/passport, health certificate (for some specialties), application form.

What Happens After Job Loss in Estonia? An Expat's Guide to Residency, Rights & Next Steps

Yes:
1. Unemployment Insurance Benefit (töötuskindlustushüvitis): Administered by the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Eesti Töötukassa).
2. Subsistence Benefit (toimetulekutoetus): A last-resort social assistance benefit provided by local municipalities, based on need.

Unemployment Insurance Benefit: Yes, if registered as unemployed and have paid contributions for at least 12 months during the 36 months preceding unemployment. A valid residence permit allowing work is crucial, or its recent existence if terminated due to job loss.
Subsistence Benefit: Yes, for persons legally residing in Estonia if their income after deduction of housing costs is below the established subsistence level. However, reliance on this can negatively impact future residence permit renewals.

Unemployment Insurance Benefit: For the first 100 days: 60% of your average income per calendar day over the previous 12 months of employment. From the 101st day: 40%. There are minimum and maximum benefit levels. Benefit period depends on insurance period (180 to 360 days).
Subsistence Benefit: Calculated based on the nationally established subsistence level (e.g., €200/month for the first adult in 2024, subject to change) plus actual reasonable housing costs.

For non-EU/EEA citizens, typically a temporary residence permit for employment (often tied to a specific employer or meeting salary criteria, e.g., for specialists or under the EU Blue Card scheme).

Job loss means the basis for the residence permit for employment ceases to exist. The Police and Border Guard Board (PPA) must be notified. The permit is not automatically invalidated but its validity may be prematurely terminated by the PPA if new grounds for stay (e.g., new job) are not found.

Primarily Temporary Residence Permits for Employment (including EU Blue Card, permits for top specialists, researchers, etc.). Less directly affects long-term resident’s EU residence permit, unless there’s prolonged dependence on social assistance.

Mandatory:
1. Register as unemployed with the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Eesti Töötukassa) immediately (within 5 calendar days is advisable).
2. The employer must notify the PPA of the termination of employment. The employee should also ensure the PPA is aware, especially regarding their plans (job search, departure).

The PPA evaluates the situation. They may grant a period (e.g., up to 90 days, discretionary) to find new employment or may issue a precept for departure. Continued legal stay depends on the PPA’s decision and finding a new job that meets permit requirements. A residence permit for job seeking is generally not an automatic follow-up but might be applied for under specific, separate conditions if eligible (e.g. after graduation).

Yes, but requires a new application or amendment of the existing residence permit for employment through the PPA. The new employer/job must meet all prevailing conditions (e.g., salary criteria, PPA consent, Töötukassa permission in some cases). One cannot simply start a new job without prior PPA approval for the change. For EU Blue Card holders, conditions for changing employers might be slightly more flexible after a certain period.

Conditions are specified in the residence permit decision and on the residence permit card. This includes any employer-specific or sector-specific limitations, and salary requirements.

Typically, an application for a new temporary residence permit for employment with the new employer or an amendment to the existing one, submitted to the PPA from within Estonia. Not usually a new visa from abroad if already legally in Estonia.

Fines, premature termination of the residence permit, obligation to leave, imposition of an entry ban to Estonia and the Schengen area, and potential criminal liability.

1. Register with Eesti Töötukassa immediately.
2. Inform the Police and Border Guard Board (PPA) about the job loss and your intentions (e.g., searching for a new job).
3. Actively search for a new eligible job.
4. Clarify your residence permit status and any deadlines with the PPA.
5. Seek advice from migration advisors (e.g., at International House of Estonia) or legal counsel if needed.

How Much Does It Really Cost to Move to Estonia? A Breakdown of Relocation Costs

Fees for applying for and issuing visas and residence permits.* Short-stay visa (Schengen): EUR 80
* Long-stay visa (national): Depending on visa type, approx. €60-€100

Transport of furniture and personal belongings, flights, travel expenses.* Container transport (20 feet): €2,000-€4,000 (depending on distance)
* Flight: €200-€500 (depending on distance and travel time)

Rent or purchase of an apartment/house, deposit.* Rent (1-room apartment, Tallinn): €500-€800/month
* Deposit: Usually 1-3 months‘ rent

Costs for food, transport, leisure etc.* Monthly living expenses (single person): approx. €600-€800

New health, liability or other insurance policies may need to be taken out.* Health insurance: Depending on provider and scope of services

If you do not speak Estonian.* Language course (Estonian): Depending on provider and intensity, approx. €100-€300/month

Costs for the recognition of your professional qualifications in Estonia.* Fees for recognition: Depending on profession and procedure

Want to Move to Estonia? Your Guide to Navigating Estonian Visas & Permits

For stays up to 90 days within any 180-day period (e.g., tourism, business, visit). Issued by Estonian representations abroad.Official Link (MFA)

For entering Estonia and staying for up to 12 months (or as initial entry before applying for a residence permit). For work, study, family, DNV etc.Official Link (MFA)

For residing and working in Estonia for longer than 12 months. Applied for at the Police and Border Guard Board (PPA).Official Link (PPA)

For residing in Estonia for studies at an Estonian educational institution.Official Link (PPA)

For residing in Estonia to join a family member.Official Link (PPA)

For residing in Estonia to operate as an entrepreneur or invest.Official Link (PPA)

Allows remote workers (for foreign employers/clients) to live in Estonia temporarily (up to 1 year). Can be Type C or D visa.Official Link (MFA)

Provides a government-issued digital identity for managing a business online. Does NOT grant physical entry or residence rights.Official Link (e-Residency)

Do not need a visa. Must register their place of residence and obtain an Estonian ID card for stays longer than 3 months.Official Link (PPA)

Your First 4 Essential Steps for Registration & Permits When Moving to Estonia

Application for temporary residence permit (elamisluba): (Mainly for non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens) Required for stays longer than 90 days, based on purpose (work, study, family, etc.). After obtaining the permit: Registration of residential address with the local city/municipal government (rahvastikuregister) is mandatory for everyone residing long-term.Residence Permit: Police and Border Guard Board (Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet – PPA)
PPA – Residence Permit Info
Address Registration: Local Government
Information Portal: Work in Estonia

Registration with the Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Eesti Tervisekassa): Often automatic upon taking up employment subject to social tax (registered by employer). Other groups (e.g., registered unemployed, pensioners under certain conditions) may also be covered. Proof of insurance might be needed for residence permit application if not yet covered.Estonian Health Insurance Fund (Eesti Tervisekassa)
Tervisekassa – Health Insurance Info

For non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: The right to work is usually included in the „residence permit for employment“. Application via PPA. May require consent from the Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Töötukassa) based on labour market conditions.
For EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: Freedom of movement applies; no separate work permit needed, but registration of the right of residence is required for stays longer than 3 months.Permit (Non-EU): Police and Border Guard Board (PPA)
PPA – Permit for Work Info
Labour Market Info: Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Töötukassa)
Töötukassa Website

Application for assessment/recognition of foreign qualifications: Academic and professional qualifications obtained abroad can be submitted for evaluation to determine their equivalence in Estonia. Important for regulated professions, further education, or job seeking.Estonian ENIC/NARIC Centre (part of the Education and Youth Board – Haridus- ja Noorteamet, HARNO)
Estonian ENIC/NARIC Centre

What Can You Really Earn in Estonia? A 2025 Salary Guide by Profession

Typical Working Conditions & Salaries in Selected Professions – Germany

IT & Software Development

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €18,000 – €28,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €15,000 – €22,500

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €30,000 – €65,000+
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €24,000 – €51,000+

Manufacturing

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €16,000 – €28,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €13,500 – €22,500

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €28,000 – €50,000+
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €22,500 – €40,000+

Construction

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €15,000 – €25,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €12,800 – €20,000

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €25,000 – €45,000+
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €20,000 – €36,000+

Logistics & Transport

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €14,000 – €22,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €12,000 – €17,800

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €20,000 – €35,000+
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €16,500 – €28,000+

Finance & Business Services

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €14,000 – €24,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €12,000 – €19,500

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €25,000 – €50,000+
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €20,000 – €40,000+

Healthcare

Monthly Hours:: ca. 173
Annual Leave (Days):: 28
Gross Annual Salary:: €16,000 – €26,000
Net Annual Salary (approx.):: €13,500 – €21,000